The article argues that the State plan of 1927–1928, prepared by economists
and employees, envisioned a substantial modernization of the country on the basis of the
mixed economy. The July (1928) Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee (b) demonstrated
a real alternative to the «left course» – a variant of the country's industrialization and
transformation of the peasant economy on the principles of the new economic policy.
Keywords
VKP (b), the July Plenum, the NEP, USSR, industrialization, collectivization
