The article examines the factors that ensure the technological sovereignty of the Union State of Russia and Belarus. The authors address this topic in light of the 25th anniversary of the Union State’s formation. Approaches by both domestic and international scholars to assessing the factors contributing to technological sovereignty are analyzed, demonstrating that the state plays a central role in this process. The research design consists of two primary stages: first, an analysis of macroeconomic indicators reflecting the factors contributing to the technological sovereignty of Russia and Belarus; second, an assessment of economic integration as perceived by regional businesses. The authors identify five main groups of factors: financial, production, technological, research, and educational. In both Russia and Belarus, similar trends are observed: a decline in the share of R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP, stability in the proportion of government spending on research, gradual renewal of industrial fixed assets, the introduction of industrial innovations, and the need for domestic training of engineering, technical, and scientific personnel. The assessment of economic integration is based on a series of structured interviews with representatives of industrial enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region that maintain joint projects or business partnerships with Belarusian counterparts. The results of the interviews reveal that more than half of the respondents view the prospects for economic integration positively, while also acknowledging the necessity to overcome various barriers, including: limited market capacity in the Republic of Belarus, inconsistencies in technical requirements and product regulations, protectionist measures by the Belarusian government, and a predominant focus on foreign manufacturers, among others.
technological sovereignty; Union State; Russia; Belarus; economic integration; industrial development.