The scenarios for including different countries in the global economy vary. Some countries entered it on their own terms, consistently defending their national interests. Others accepted the principles of a free exchange of goods, capital, and labor, as it turned out later, partly to the detriment of their own interests. National models of inclusion in the global economy depended on previous historical experience, traditions, established institutions and practices typical to the country under question. Initially, it was believed that globalization would make countries and peoples rich and happy. Over time, it’s become apparent that the «happy globalization» has turned out to be an unfulfilled dream. When in the early 1990s, the Nobel laureate J. Stiglitz wrote that globalization had not benefited a sizable part of the world, what he had in mind were developing and former socialist countries. Since the 2000s, however, negative trends have emerged in advanced economies. They witnessed a sharp increase in social inequality as well as adverse changes in the labor market. Today, globalization poses many questions to analysts and politicians. But the answers are not at all clear.
globalization; national model; social conflict; the movement of «yellow vests»; China; India; France; Canada.